Dr. Makan Karegar

• 2024-2028: Member of SWOT Science Team Projects
• 2020 - Present: Chair and co-chair of Coastal Subsidence Session. European Geoscience Union, General Assembly Meeting, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024.
• 2023 - 2027: Chair of IAG Inter-Commission Committee on Geodesy for Climate Research (ICCC): GNSS- IR working group on Exploitation of ground-based GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry for climate applications
• 2023 - 2027: Co-chair of IAG ICCC working group on Hydrological loading: measuring and modeling
• 2023 - 2027: Member of IAG ICCC working group GNSS mass-market devices in climate and environmental sensing: approaches, opportunities, challenges, and social impact
• Oct. 2023 – Present: Member of Transdisciplinary Research Area Innovation and Technology for Sustainable Futures, The University of Bonn
• 2023 - 2025: Member of International Space Science Institute team: Past, Present and Future of the Asian Mega-Deltas: The Role of Space Observations
• Jan. 2022 – Present Member of Collaborative Research Centre 1502

1. Sefton, J., Kemp, A.C., Engelhart, S., Ellison, J.C., Karegar, M.A., Charley, B., McCoy, M.D. (2022) Implications of Anomalous Relative Sea-level Rise for the peopling of Remote Oceania, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 119 (52), e2210863119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210863119.

2. Karegar, M.A., Kusche, J., Nievinski, F.G., Larson, K.M. (2022) Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR): a Low-cost Water-level Monitoring System based on GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry, Water Resources Research, 58, e2021WR031713, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031713.

3. Karegar, M.A., Kusche, J. (2020) Imprints of COVID‐19 Lockdown on GNSS Observations: An Initial Demonstration Using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (19), doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089647.

4. Karegar, M.A., Larson, K.M., Kusche, J., Dixon., T.H. (2020) Novel quantification of shallow sediment compaction by GPS interferometric reflectometry and implications for flood susceptibility, Geophysical Research Letters, 47(14), e2020GL087807. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087807.

5. Klos, A., Karegar, M.A., Kusche, J., Springer, A. (2020) Quantifying noise in daily GPS height time series: harmonic function versus GRACE-assimilating modeling approaches, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2020.2983045.

6. Springer, A., Karegar, M.A., Kusche, J., Kurtz, W., Keune, J., Kollet, S. (2019) Evidence of daily hydrological loading in GPS time series over Europe. Journal of Geodesy, 93(10), 2145-2153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01295-1.

7. Karegar, M.A. (2018) Theory and Application of Geophysical Geodesy for Studying Earth's Surface Deformation. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, P. 242, June 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7255.

8. Karegar, M.A., Dixon, T. H., Kusche, J., Chambers, D. P. (2018) A new hybrid method for estimating hydrologically induced vertical deformation from GRACE and a hydrological model: An example from Central North America. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10. doi.org/10.1029/2017MS001181.

9. Karegar, M.A., Dixon, T., Malservisi, R., Kusche, J., Engelhart, S. (2017) Nuisance Flooding and Relative Sea-Level Rise: the Importance of Present-Day Land Motion. Nature Scientific Reports, 7, doi.10.1038/s41598-017-11544-y.

10. Dixon T.H., Karegar M.A. (2017) Coastal Subsidence: Harbinger of Future Flooding?, Speaking of Geoscience, The Geological Society of America’s Guest blog.

11. Karegar, M.A., Dixon, T.H., & Engelhart, S.E. (2016) Subsidence along the Atlantic Coast of North America: Insights from GPS and late Holocene relative sea level data. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(7), 3126-3133. doi:10.1002/2016GL068015.

12. Karegar, M.A., Dixon, T.H., & Malservisi, R. (2015) A three-dimensional surface velocity field for the Mississippi Delta: Implications for coastal restoration and flood potential. Geology, 43(6), 519-522. doi:G36598.1.

13. Karegar, M.A., Dixon, T.H., Malservisi, R., Yang, Q., Hossaini, S.A., & Hovorka, S.D. (2015) GPS-based monitoring of surface deformation associated with CO 2 injection at an enhanced oil recovery site. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 41, 116-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.07.006.

14. Marshall, A., Connor, C., Kruse, S., Malservisi, R., Richardson, J., Courtland, L., ... & Karegar, M.A. (2015) Subsurface structure of a maar–diatreme and associated tuff ring from a high-resolution geophysical survey, Rattlesnake Crater, Arizona. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 304, 253-264. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.09.006.

15. Eshagh, M., Karegar, M.A. (2012) Software for generating gravity gradients using a geopotential model based on an irregular semivectorization algorithm. Computers & geosciences, 39, 152-160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.06.003.

16. Karegar, M.A., Alamdari, M. (2011) Application of Molodensky's Method for Precise Determination of Geoid in Iran. Journal of Geodetic Science, 1(3), 259-270. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0004-0.

17. Eshagh, M., Karegar, M.A. (2010) Semi-vectorization: an efficient technique for synthesis and analysis of gravity gradiometry data. Earth Science Informatics, 3(3), 149-158. doi: s12145-010-0062-3.

18. Eshagh, M., Karegar, M.A. (2009) The effect of geopotential perturbations of GOCE on its observations-A numerical study. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica ,  44 (4), 385-398. doi: AGeod.44.2009.4.2.

19. Eshagh, M., Karegar, M.A., Najafi-Alamdari, M. (2008) Simplification of geopotential perturbing force acting on a satellite. Artificial Satellites ,  43 (2), 45-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10018-009-0006-7.

Datasets:

1. Karegar, M.A. (2022) RPRatWesel: RPR daily data (2020 - 2023). In Water Resources Research (NMEA, Vol. 58, Numbers e2021WR031713). Zenodo. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8077379

Selected featured research in public media

• "Unter Brücken und im Weltraum – Die neue Ära der GNSS-Reflektometrie passt in einen Schuhkarton", Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement, Januray (2023).
• "Ein neues Gerät misst, ob alles im Fluss bleibt", General-Anzeiger, Januray 8 (2023).
• "Low-cost sensor records the level of rivers", Press at the University of Bonn, ScienceDaily, November 23 (2022).
• "Flood risks: More accurate data due to Covid-19", Press at the University of Bonn, EurekAlert | AAAS, ScienceDaily, September 23 (2020).
• Dirmeyer P., "Bulging, Shrinking, and Deformation of Land by Hydrologic Loading", American Geophysical Union, Earth and Space Science News (Eos), Editors’ Highlights for Karegar et al. (2018), June 19 (2018).
• Schifman L., "Sea-Level Rise & the State of Sinking: A Brief Discussion of Land Subsidence Factors in the US", envirobites, December 3 (2018).
• Cartier K., "Playing with Water: Humans Are Altering Risk of Nuisance Floods", Interview with Earth and Space Science News (EOS), 98, American Geophysical Union,  September 28 (2017).
• Radford T., "US faces higher risk of floods", Climate News Network, September 25 (2017).
• "Oostkust VS zinkt langzaam onder water", De Morgen, September 13 (2017).
• "The USA Threatened by More Frequent Flooding", Interview with Press at the University of Bonn and Spiegel Magazine, September 11 (2017).
• "Jedes Jahr drei Millimeter – US-Ostküste versinkt langsam im Meer", Die Welt, September 11 (2017).
• Frischkorn K.,  "What Are All The Ways That Land Can Disappear Beneath Your Feet?" Smithsonian, June 29 (2017).
• Dixon T.H., Karegar M.A., "Coastal Subsidence: Harbinger of Future Flooding?", Speaking of Geoscience, The Geological Society of America’s Guest blog, February 22 (2017).
• Rowan L., "Subsiding Atlantic Coast Due to Geologic Adjustment and Groundwater Extraction", Geodetic Science Snapshot, UNAVCO, Novembe, 28 (2016).
• Upton. J., "Sinking Atlantic Coastline Meets Rapidly Rising Seas", Climate Central, April 14 (2016).
• "Engineering a better future for the Mississippi Delta", PHYS.ORG, EurekAlert | AAAS, ScienceDaily, Geological Socity of America, April 28 (2015).

Past and current students

BSc thesis:

• Carolin Köß "Analysing Seismic Signals Collected by the Raspberry Shake in Todenfeld, Germany" (2021).
• Nadja Jonas "Concepts for Retrieving Sea-level Change from GPS Interferometric Reflectometry" (2019).

MSc thesis:

• Sree Ram R. Krishnan "InSAR Observation of the Subsiding Pohnpei Island in Remote Oceania: Constraints on Per- Class Incidence Angle Correction" (2023).
• Alonso Vega Fernandez "Implementing real-time water level retrieval for GNSS interferometric reflectometry" (2022).
• Meryem Aydin "From Static GNSS Positioning to Measuring Flooding" (2022).
• Mingyao Li "AVGR: A Python-based Framework for Estimating Linear Rate Uncertainty in Geodetic Time Series using Allan Variance (2022).
• Waruna Don "How fast are Western Tropical Pacific Islands uplifting? Geodetic constraints from GPS, Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge" (2021).
• Christian Mielke "The quantification of drought and water loss using GNSS in South Africa" (2021).

PhD students: 

• Soran Parang (2020 - present, Co-supervisor: Towards an improved understanding of vertical land motion and sea-level change in eastern North America). Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada.
• Artur Fischer (2022/6 - 2022/8, Supervising research visit: Real-time monitoring of river level with a low-cost GNSS receiver). Department of Geodesy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.

Student assistant(s):

• Abu Talha: "GNSS-Buoy system" (2024-2025).
• Sajjad Hussain: "GNSS-Buoy system" (2024-2025).
• Sree Ram R. Krishnan "SWOT for river hydrology" (2022).
• Simran Suresh "SWOT for river hydrology" (2022).
• Waruna Don "Compiling Sediment Compaction Data. 2. Assembling RPR Sensors" (2021).